How can we bridge the gap between discrimination reports and discrimination experiences?

A large proportion of Rotterdam's Muslims experience discrimination. It is estimated that around one in five Rotterdam residents has an Islamic background (estimated based on country of origin). Research shows that between half and three-quarters of Muslims in the Netherlands report experiencing discrimination on a regular basis (FRA 2024, Andriessen 2020)... Continue Reading How can…

[ 1 ] How often do Rotterdammers experience discrimination?

Below you can see that Rotterdammers living in some neighbourhoods experience more discrimination than in others. The map shows how often residents of different neighbourhoods face discrimination. This map does not show where an incident happened but where the residents live. Discrimination often happens outside of the neighbourhood where someone lives.

  

0% – 7.4% HIGHLY UNPROBABLE

  

7.4% – 13.8% MIGHT BE PROBABLE

  

13.8% – 20.2% FAIRLY PROBABLE

  

20.2% – 26.6% HIGHLY PROBABLE

  

26.6% – 33% EXTREMELY PROBABLE

This map shows that residents of orange neighbourhoods report feeling more discriminated against than those living in green neighbourhoods. Nearly 40% of discrimination incidents occur within one’s own neighbourhood. Factors such as ethnic diversity, economic disparities, and social inequalities within the neighbourhood may contribute to why some Rotterdammers experience discrimination more frequently. If you are interested in reading people’s stories of discrimination, click below to read their testimonials.

[ 2 ] In which neighbourhoods do residents face higher risks of discrimination?

See for yourself how present discrimination is in your neighbourhood compared to others. Play with the bars to order the neighbourhoods from highest to lowest on the score of predicted discrimination. The lower the score, the lower the prediction of people in the neighbourhood experiencing discrimination.

While approximately one-fourth of neighbourhoods in Rotterdam have a discrimination rate below 15 percent, over half have rates above 20 percent. This suggests that more than the half of Rotterdammers live in areas where discrimination is relatively prevalent. Neighbourhoods CS Kwartier and Wittedorp, for example, saw an increase in discrimination experiences. Nieuw Mathernesse shows a consistent high score in the index over three years. Interested in what else the data can show? Click on the button below.

[ 3 ] Which factors influence discrimination?

Level of income and level of ethnic diversity are among a few factors that influence the chance of discrimination. The graph below shows the link between average income and the risk to experience discrimination across different neighbourhoods. Interested to see connections between other factors? Play with the data!

The graph shows that average income and predicted discrimination in the neighbourhoods in Rotterdam are connected. There is a clear negative trend: the lower the average income of a neighbourhood, the higher the risk of discrimination experienced by the residents. People with a low income (less than 1250 per month) are more than 1.4 times as likely to experience discrimination than those with the highest income. Check out your own neighbourhood compared to an average in Rotterdam.